Klimaatbestendig groen is cruciaal in steden vanwege toenemende extreme weersomstandigheden zoals hittegolven en zware regenval. Het versterkt de veerkracht van steden tegen klimaatverandering door het verminderen van hitte-eilanden en het voorkomen van wateroverlast. Groen draagt ook bij aan betere luchtkwaliteit en biodiversiteit, en helpt bij het herstel van natuurlijke ecosystemen in stedelijke gebieden. Kortom, klimaatbestendig groen is niet alleen mooi voor bewoners, maar ook essentieel voor duurzame, gezonde en veerkrachtige steden.
Coole verkoelende planten
Vakbeplanters leveren een bijdrage aan het verkoelen van de stad. Al het stadsgroen koelt door verdamping, waarbij niet zozeer de plantensoort, maar het totale volume aan groen bepaalt hoe groot het effect is. Grote plantvakken zijn daarom een belangrijk onderdeel van klimaatbestendig stadsgroen. Goed sluitende plantvakken houden bovendien de bodem eronder koel met hun schaduw, waardoor deze minder uitdroogt en na zonsondergang geen overtollige hitte uitstraalt. Vakbeplanters met een vrij lichte kleur of sterk glanzend blad weerkaatsen de hitte van de zon het best.
Voorbeelden van goed sluitende vakbeplanters, die geschikt zijn voor grote vakken in de zon en weerkaatsend blad hebben:
Namen in groen zijn inheems of bevatten inheemse soorten
Latijnse naam | Nederlandse naam |
Aegopodium podagraria ‘Variegatum’ | Bonte Zevenblad |
Alchemilla mollis | Fraaie vrouwenmantel |
Aster ageratoides | Japanse dwergaster |
Buddleja | Vlinderstruik |
Carex (bontbladig) | Zegge |
Cornus alba (geelbladig, bontbladig) | Witte kornoelje |
Cornus sericea ‘Kelseyi’ | Canadese kornoeljes |
Cotoneaster dammeri ‘Gelre’ | Cotoneaster |
Deschampsia cespitosa | Ruwe smele |
Deutzia gracilis | Slanke deutzia |
Euonymus fortunei (bontbladig) | Klimkardinaalsmuts |
Geranium cantabrigiense, endressii, macrorrhizum | Ooievaarsbek |
Geranium ‘Rozanne’, ‘Tiny Monster’ | Ooievaarsbek |
Hedera hibernica | Ierse klimop |
Hippophae rhamnoides ‘Silver Star’ | Duindoorn |
Hydrangea | Hortensia |
Hypericum dummeri ‘Peter Dummer’ | Hertshooi |
Juniperus pfitzeriana | Jeneverbes |
Kalimeris incisa | Zomeraster |
Lamium maculatum | Gevlekte dovenetel |
Ligustrum obtusifolium | Liguster |
Lonicera japonica | Japanse kamperfoelie |
Lonicera nitida ‘Maigrin’ | Buxuskamperfoelie |
Matteuccia struthiopteris | Struisvaren |
Microbiota decussata | Siberische tapijtcipres |
Nepeta | Kattenkruid |
Pachysandra terminalis ‘Green Sheen’ | Dikkemanskruid |
Pennisetum alopecuroides | Breed lampenpoetsergras |
Photinia fraser ‘Red Robin’ | Glansmispel |
Physocarpus capitatus ‘Tilden Park’ | Sneeuwbalspirea |
Physocarpus opulifolius ‘Dart’s Gold’ | Sneeuwbalspirea |
Phlomis russeliana | Brandkruid |
Potentilla fruticosa | Struikganzerik |
Ribes glandulosum | Sierbes |
Rosa (vakbeplanters) | Roos |
Rubus ‘Kenneth Ashburner’ | Braam |
Salix repens | Kruipwilg |
Spiraea | Spirea |
Stephanandra incisa | Kransspirea |
Symphoricarpos chenaultii | Sneeuwbes |
Symphytum azureum, grandiflorum | Smeerwortel |
Taxus baccata ‘Summergold’ | Taxus |
Weigela (groen- en bontbladig) | Weigela |
Drought tolerance
Due to climate change, we face longer droughts in summer and higher temperatures. Especially in places with highly permeable soil and a low water table, this places higher demands on the drought tolerance of plants than before. Nevertheless, there are many species for professional planting that can cope with this just fine, while maintaining their quality in dry summers. It helps if drought is also taken into account with the layout of the planting area. Plants survive drought better if they have a sufficient volume of rootable soil. The type of soil should retain enough water, for instance because it also contains organic matter or clay. Plants can withstand drought better if they spend part of the day in (semi-)shade.
Examples of bedding plants that tolerate long periods of drought:
Names in green are native or contain native species
Latin name | Local name |
Agastache | Hyssop |
Buddleja | Butterfly Bush |
Buxus | Box, Common Box |
Caryopteris | Bluebeard |
Ceanothus | Californian lilac |
Choisya | Mexican orange blossom |
Colutea | Bladder-senna |
Cotoneaster | Cotoneaster |
Cytisus | Broom |
Elaeagnus | Oleaster |
Festuca glauca | Blue Fescue |
Genista | Broom |
Hypericum inodorum | St. Johnswort |
Juniperus | Juniper |
Lavandula | Lavender |
Ligustrum lucidum | Privet |
Melica ciliata | Silky-spike melic |
Nepeta | Catmint |
Origanum | Origanum |
Pennisetum alopecuroides | Fountain grass |
Perovskia | Russian sage |
Philadelphus | Mock Orange |
Phlomis | Jerusalem sage, Lampwick plant |
Rosa rugosa en -hybriden | Rose |
Sedum | Stonecrop |
Stipa tenuissima | Oats |
Symphoricarpos | Symphoricarpos |
Verbena bonariensis | The purpletop vervain |
Infiltration section
An infiltration section is a planting area in public spaces that also serves as peak storage for downpours. The soil is usually flat; it is not a ditch, like a wadi. It also does not receive water from e.g. roofs. The soil in the compartment should be moderately to well permeable to water. The compartment should be laid at ground level with the paving, or the curb should be lowered locally, so that during heavy rainfall the water runs into the compartment and does not flood the street. Plants in an infiltration section should have sufficient drought tolerance to grow on fairly well-drained soil. If water runs into the compartment, it may well remain above ground for more than 2 hours, so the plants must also be tolerant of short-term waterlogging, which occurs only after peak rains. On highly permeable (sandy) soils, waterlogging usually lasts so short that even plants with only drought tolerance can survive in an infiltration patch.
Examples of species suitable for strip planting or as (block) hedges in infiltration areas. They tolerate both moderate drought and short-term flooding:
Names in green are native or contain native species
Latin name | Local name |
Acer campestre | Field maple |
Aronia | Chokeberry |
Aster divaricatus | Stokesia |
Carex oshimensis | Sedge |
Clethra alnifolia | Summersweet |
Cornus alba | Dogwood |
Cornus sanguinea | Dogwood |
Cornus sericea | Dogwood |
Crataegus monogyna | Thorn |
Eupatorium cannabinum | Joe Pye Weed |
Euonymus europaeus | Spindle tree |
Hedera helix | Ivy |
Hydrangea paniculata | Hortensia |
Hydrangea quercifolia | Hortensia |
Hydrangea serrata | Hortensia |
Imperata cylindrica | Cogongrass |
Itea virginica | Sweetspire, Virginia |
Liriope muscari | Big blue lily-turf |
Luzula sylvatica | Snowy woodrush |
Miscanthus sinensis | Chinese silver grass |
Physocarpus | Ninebark |
Potentilla fruticosa | Cinquefoil, Bush |
Rhododendron ‘Catawbiense Boursault’, ‘Roseum Elegans’ | Rhododendron |
Ribes glandulosum | Flowering Currant |
Rudbeckia fulgida | Black eyed Susan, Coneflower |
Sarcococca hookeriana var. humilis | Sweetbox |
Sorbaria sorbifolia | Spirea, Ash leaf |
Spiraea betulifolia | Spirea |
Stachys byzantina | Lamb’s ears |
Viburnum burkwoodii | Viburnum |
Viburnum opulus | Viburnum |
Weigela | Weigela |
Wadi
A wadi is a lowering (ditch) in public spaces, which serves to temporarily collect rainwater and allow it to infiltrate. Water from paving or roofs is often directed towards a wadi. Grass usually grows in wadis, but there are several plant species that can also be used to create plant beds with higher ornamental value in a wadi. Wadi planting has advantages:
– The wadi gets all the benefits of a planting area, such as ornamental value, biodiversity value and effects on health, wellbeing and property value.
– Larger evaporating plants than grass make the wadi dry again faster
– Planting roots and the soil life they attract keep the soil well-drained
– Plants absorb (manure) substances from the water and clean the
– Beplanting is een vriendelijke manier om kinderen en honden uit mogelijk vervuild water te houden
Wadi plants should have tolerance to at least moderate drought; after all, they are in well-drained soil where it is dry when it is not raining. In addition, they should tolerate short-term waterlogging (several days). The same plants as mentioned for infiltration bays are suitable for shallow sections and embankments of wadis. In some cases, the wadi is deep, the soil has low permeability or water runs into it frequently and heavily. In that case, it is smart to use plants * on the wettest areas that can tolerate even long or frequent waterlogging, in addition to dryness.
Some examples:
Names in green are native or contain native species*
*Can be on the bottom of a wadi, the rest on the embankments
Latin name | Local name |
Acer campestre | Field maple |
Aronia | Chokeberry |
Aster divaricatus | The white wood aster |
Carex oshimensis | Sedge |
Cephalanthus occidentalis | Button Bush |
Clethra alnifolia | Summersweet |
Cornus alba | Dogwood |
Cornus sanguinea | Dogwood |
Cornus sericea | Dogwood |
Crataegus monogyna | Thorn |
Deschampsia cespitosa | Tufted hairgrass |
Euonymus europaeus | Spindle tree |
Eupatorium cannabinum | Joe Pye Weed |
Frangula alnus | Alder Buckthorn |
Hedera helix | Ivy |
Hydrangea paniculata | Hortensia |
Hydrangea quercifolia | Hortensia |
Hydrangea serrata | Hortensia |
Imperata cylindrica | Cogongrass |
Iris pseudacorus* | Iris |
Itea virginica | Sweetspire, Virginia |
Liriope muscari | Big blue lily-turf |
Luzula sylvatica | Snowy woodrush |
Lythrum salicaria* | Purple Loosestrife |
Miscanthus sinensis | Chinese silver grass |
Molinia caerulea* | Purple moor-grass |
Panicum virgatum* | Switchgrass |
Physocarpus | Ninebark |
Potentilla fruticosa | Cinquefoil, Bush |
Rhododendron ‘Catawbiense Boursault’ | Rhododendron |
Ribes glandulosum | Flowering Currant |
Rudbeckia fulgida | Black eyed Susan, Coneflower |
Salix repens* | Pussy willow |
Sarcococca hookeriana var. humilis | Sweetbox |
Sorbaria sorbifolia | Spiraea, Ash Leaf |
Spiraea betulifolia | Spiraea |
Stachys byzantina | Lamb’s ears |
Viburnum burkwoodii | Viburnum |
Viburnum opulus | Viburnum |
Weigela | Weigela |